Period+3+1754-1800

-I made it straighter because the original was crooked. -Danny


 * -embarre28**

-emilyamershek

-miah18

-embarre28

-clewis01

= = = =
 * Chapter 5**, //Colonial Society on the Eve of the Revolution 1700-1775//, pages 78-96.
 * Chapter 6**, //The Duel for North America 1608-1763//, pages 98-111.
 * Chapter 7**, //The Road to Revolution 1763-1775//, pages 113-130.
 * Chapter 8**, //America Secedes from the Empire 1775-1783//, pages 132-154.
 * Chapter 9**, //The Confederation of the Constitution 1776-1790//, pages 158-178.
 * Chapter 10**, //#|Launching the New Ship of State 1789-1800//, pages 180-200.

= = = = = = = = = = = = =**The Constitution Review Activity**=

__**Article I**__
 * Article 1 establishes the legislative branch of the federal government, the United States Congress. Congress is split into two sections, the House of Representatives and the Senate. It gives Congress its powers as well as its limits.
 * This means that Congress can pass laws, acts, and bills. It also gives instructions on the terms and payment of the people of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It specifies how many year they may serve as well as where their paycheck comes from. The Article also gives Congress the power to make money or set up taxes. However, it also restricts the power Congress has, like not allowing them to create any titles for royalty such as King or Queen. It also limits the powers of the states, such as not allowing them to make their own money.
 * A real life example of this article in action is the fact that we are not governed by a King, but instead a system of checks and balances that help to run the country together. The term of senators and representatives is the same as well.

Article II
Article II is mainly about the power and abillites of the three branches of government. It talks about the selection of the senate and rules for the selection. It also establishes that the president is commander commander in chief over the millitary. Gives all the rules An example is the president can only serve two yet two terms each only eight years

** __Section 1: This section of article 4 states that every state is required to acknowledge and extend credit to public acts, court proceedings, and records to other states.__ **
====**__ Section 2: This section of article 4 states that the states must protect the same immunities and privileges between other states, that any person escaping to another state is subject to extradition (removal from one state to another), and that slaves, if they run away, are subject to be taken back to their owner. However, this was abolished by the 13th amendment. __**==== ====**__ Section 3: This section of article 4 states that congress has the power to introduce other states to this union. However, no other states have the power to introduce new states by combining two or more states unless legislative permission is granted. This section also states that the Congress has the power to adjust territories belonging to the United States, remove or add laws to existing territories of the United States, and all together has the power to remove any owned territory as they see fit. __**==== ====**__ Section 4: This section of article 4 states that each state has the right to a government that is republic. This section also guarantees the protection of certain states if they are invaded by other states. __**====

**__ Section 1 is stating that states are required to acknowledge (as in notice and say they have noticed) acts of the public such as court proceedings and records to other states. __**
====**__ Section 2 is stating that certain states must follow and respect the same rules and privileges of citizens that all other states follow. It also exercises the right of a state to extradite a person who is either a slave or criminal if that person flees to another state. __**==== ====**__ Section 3 is stating that Congress has the right to create new states, as well as modify laws of previous states. However, no already existing states can form and make one state without legislative permission. __**====

====**Article V: The 5th article states that if 2 thirds of each house deems it necessary a new amendment or change can be made to the constitution. It states that any amendment (change or reform) can be made to any bill or document that is motioned for its change. The only amendment or article that can not be changed is the 5th article which states that it is the only one that can not be changed. An example of this would be if both houses motioned for the 2nd amendment to be changed it could. It could be changed to the right to bear arms in a state of war, crisis, or defense. Any bill or document of the United States can be changed because they are technically "live" bills or documents. Any amendment can be repealed also such as if the 2nd amendment or 3rd or 4th can be replaced or repealed. -Ethan Turrano**====

**Article VI:**
====**Any laws enacted under the Constitution and the authority of the United States will be the law of the land, to be held above individual state laws. Any treaties that had been previously made under the confederacy are still in action and will remain in action, having effect not only on a world (international) stage, but also a more local stage. All judges in every state will be bound to act by these federal laws.**==== ====**Senators, Representatives, members of several state legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, of the states (individually) and the United States (as a whole) will be bound to support the Constitution by oath or by affirmation, but no religious test is required in order to be qualified in any office under the United States.**====

====**The first clause of Article VI means that the laws made within our upper levels of government are to always be considered as federal law and within those bounds, state are powerless to change that unless they swim through the right legal channels to amend federal law as a whole, not individually. Also the treaties that have been made since before the constitution was in place are still in affect, just because the government was becoming more organized didn't change anything about our previous agreements. We weren't going to hold them to the standard Britain had where their agreements only had an effect on the way they interacted with other nations, we kept a deeper standard, taking treaties into account on all laws new and old that will be/ were made. All judges were expected to stand by and support these federal laws and all of their changes.**==== ====**The second clause is all about how all persons representing in government will swear to stand by their constitution, the very backbone of the legal system they were about to serve, thus requirement of an Oath but we never wanted religion to be a deciding factor in who could serve in office. America was founded on trade and a lot of religiously diverse people, to set religion as a standard would be unheard of and would hinder the equality of the people, so they decided it should never be a requirement of office.**====

====**A real life example lies in how we still regard federal law over state law. Today, you will never see a state put their laws ahead of federal laws. If that were ever to happen, it would only repeat the chaos drawn about under the Articles. No state would ever cooperate in congress and no laws would ever be passed on a federal level, at its most base level, this article is a binding article, forcing all the states to cooperate and change things in an orderly and mediated manner, we were no longer individuals, we are a nation and this Article really forces us to act like one. [Alaina Kate Welsh]**====

__** Amendment I - **__ Madison Frye

 * ====**__What It Says__**: **Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.**====
 * ====**__What it means__: The 1st Amendment states that the people of the United States have** freedom **of** religion, speech, press, assembly, and expression **and Congress cannot create laws infringing on these rights.**====
 * ====**__Example__: If a large group of people write to Congress about deporting every citizen who is Muslim out of the country even if they did nothing wrong, Congress cannot do anything against the Muslim people because every citizen in the United States has the right to freely practice their religion.**====

__** Amendment II **__ Amendment 2 which is found in the United States constitution and the Bill of Rights is the following is basically about the right of the people to keep and bear arms, being necessary to the security of a free State, shall not be infringed it was regulated by Militia. The second amendment is only a sentence long.

__** Ame **____** ndment III **__

__** Amendment IV - **__ "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searches, and the places or things to be seized." In other words, this means that every citizen has the right to privacy. However, if someone is suspected to be committing a crime and if there is valid evidence to support that, they are susceptible to arrest, searches, and/or seizure of an illegal object. This idea occurs in present day. An example is if a driver is suspected to be under the influence of drugs or alcohol. They are then subjected to field sobriety tests, a search of the car, arrest, and so on. (Alana Troxell)

__** Amendment V **__ - The V Amendment states that you do not have to speak as a witness if you do not please to because what you state may incriminate you. It is used as a common everyday statement to say "I plead the 5th" which basically means that you wish to not speak on a topic. This means that if you are asked to speak about a certain topic that may incriminate you, you are not forced to speak on that topic. This can apply in real life when someone may be called to the stand in a court case, but this person does not want to speak, he is not forced to speak because of the 5th Amendment. -Jack Ross

-lizstahl2

__** Amendment VI **__ In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an [|impartial] jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his [|defense]. Speedy Trial: All states have adopted laws and administrative rules that require that criminal trials be completed within a specific amount of time usually 90 days. By Leeww123
 * What it says**
 * What it means**
 * Americans have the right to an impartial jury of he state and district in which the crime was committed.
 * They will be informed by the nature and cause of the accusation.
 * the defendant will have the assistance of counsel for his defense.
 * Defendant has the right to a speedy public trial.
 * Example**



__** Amendment VII **__ ”In Suits at Common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of The United States, than according to the rules of common law.” Including if one would want to sue the government. decisions. Magistrate Judges assist the District Judges in preparing the cases for trials. Federal Claims (Deals with most claims for the Government’s money damages). Justice Courts if state laws were broken.
 * WE AMERICANS have the right to jury trial in court for **//any//** kind of law suit.
 * **Types of Courts**
 * Supreme Court (highest) - 6 people are on the Supreme Court: One Chief Justice and five Associate Justices.
 * Courts of Appeals - there are 13 of them with 3 judges on each
 * //Units//: the Bankruptcy Appellate Panels-Branch of the Courts of Appeals. 3 judge panels that hear bankruptcy
 * District Courts (Trial Courts) (State) - There are 94 of them. The District Judge tries a case and a jury decides the case.
 * //Units:// The Court Of International Trade (Deals with International trade and custom laws) and The U.S Court Of
 * Bankruptcy Courts - These bankruptcy cases cannot be files in State Courts. Used for debt, bankruptcy and assets.
 * Legislative Courts - Do not have full judicial power.
 * //Units:// U.S. Court Of Appeals for Veterans Claims, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, U.S. Tax Court
 * County Courts
 * Municipal Courts - Deal with offenses and misdemeanor crimes in the city or town. They share jurisdiction with


 * A case cannot be heard more than once in court. Once a final decision is made, that is the end of it.
 * [[image:20307389-C754-40FB-8665-BE9C50DD83D2.jpeg width="275" height="200"]]

__** Amendment VIII **__

The eighth amendment in the Constitution basically says that if someone is guilty of a crime, that they will not be treated unfairly or unjustly. These unjust acts would be like setting a bail too high or giving a life sentence for stealing some gum from a convenience store. It also outlawed cruel and unusual punishment. That would be determined by morals of the people at the time. While we may currently see something as wrong, the same thing may have been completely normal a few hundred years ago. This included the outlawing of torture. Torture includes things like lashings, waterboarding, or to be more extreme, an electric chair.

__** Amendment IX **__ The 9th Amendment reads: "The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people".While the wording of the 9th Amendment is slightly confusing, the concept itself if rather simple, yet very important. In more modern terms, it states that there may be rights outside of what the ones that are explicitly mentioned in the constitution, and even though they are not listed, that does not mean that they can be violated. For example, televisions were not invented when the Amendment was added, and televisions never appear in the constitution, but we have the right to watch TV. Just because something isn't in the constitution doesn't mean we don't have the right to do it.

I'm not bothering to quote the actual amendment. What you need to know is that this one essentially says the power that isn't given to the federal government belongs to the people. A real life example... the ability to vote comes to mind. The Constitution didn't give the gov the power to choose the President; its a power for the people. Neither does the gov choose new Representatives or Senators; again, that's a power of the people. And if you want a nonpolitical example, then the ability to read whatever we want. We can choose what to read (or for you non-bookworms, what not to read) and the gov can't do a thing to control it.
 * __Amendment X__ **

=**CONSTITUTION MEMEEESSSSS!!!!:**= -Claire.L--

-Joe Kmetz

-DannyChinchilla2019


 * __MORE MEMEEEESSSSSS!!!!!:__ **





= = =**Flag of Sons of Liberty**=

Causes of the American Revolution: History.com Links: French and Indian War (1756) http://www.history.com/topics/french-and-indian-war The Proclamation of 1763 http://www.history.com/news/remembering-the-proclamation-of-1763 The Stamp Act (1765) http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/stamp-act Townshend Act (1767) http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/townshend-acts The Boston Massacre (1770) http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/boston-massacre Boston Tea Party (1773) http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/boston-tea-party Son's of Liberty http://www.history.com/shows/sons-of-liberty/about Video: http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/american-revolution-history/videos/sons-of-liberty Lexington and Concord (1775) http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/battles-of-lexington-and-concord Common Sense (1776) http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/thomas-paine-publishes-common-sense Video: http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/american-revolution-history/videos/thomas-paine Paul Revere http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/paul-revere -Zamudio22 __//**Federalists Vs. Anti-Federalists**//__ The creation of these two political parties came about during the debate on how exactly the Constitution should really be written- or basically, how the new United States should be governed. Should a big, strong government tell them all what to do, or should we better off listening to what the states each want to do? It was this debate that created the first American political divide- the first American political parties, which we know as the government-loving, Constitution-crafting Federalists, while the new half we know as the free state-loving, Bill of Rights believing, Ant-Federalists. The Ant-Federalists and the Federalists were so different, that it would be hard to tell they even worked together at one point! The Anti-Federalists had the following of the backcountriers, debtors, farmers, and all other sorts of the colonial common man., while the Federalist enjoyed the support of the wealthy, seaboard-living upper crust.
 * < __//**Federalists**//__ || __//**Anti-Federalist**//__ ||
 * A strong central government with weak state governments || Believed in strong states, with a weak central government ||
 * Key Federalists included Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, and George Washington || Key Anti-Federalists included John Hancock, Patrick Henry, George Mason, James Monroe, and Samuel Adams ||
 * Federalists believed the Constitution was strong enough for the United States, the Articles were too weak || Ant-Federalists favored the Articles of Confederation, and saw the Constitution as too strong and powerful ||
 * Federalists thought the Bill of Rights wasn't needed- the Constitution did more than enough || Anti-Federalists believed the Bill of Rights was needed, the Constitution wasn't enough to keep the rights alive ||
 * Believed the states could do what they wanted with their own revenue. || Favored a strong central bank with central economic policies' ||