Period+1+Pre+Columbia-1607

Period 1: This is the first time period covered in the APUSH Redesign.

Native American INFO: List the information you found about your assigned Native American region in the space below. Northeast Jolly jack: In the Northeast, Native Americans relied heavily on the water. The built mud huts in the Ohio River Valley and fished, drank the water, and used it for hygiene. Also they cleared forests for better hunting and farm area.

Southeast

Great Plains- (Nick Zehner,Wyatt Zeigler and Ashley Pilozo) The Great Plain Native Americans had two major tribes, the Sioux and the Blackfoot. The area provided the Native Americans with food, the buffalo. Only some cultures farmed and only some built permanent homes. The Native Americans wanted the land for hunting and gathering food. The area provided the native American's with cliffs and high grass which, let them stalk the buffalo and chase the buffalo off the cliff. The Native Americans affected the land by farming next to the Missouri River. Native Americans lowered the presence of big game that was there such as, bison deer and elk. The natives were nomadic and once they were settled down they disrupted the land and caused animals to move. One fun fact is that the Native Americans would use every part of the buffalo, they would use the stomach to carry their water.

Artic (Lottie M.) - The Arctic Natives had three major tribes in the area: the Inuit, the Aleut, and the Yupik. They impacted their environment by using animal fur and skin as coats and clothing to stay warm. They also used the ice around them to build some houses, called igloos, or stretched animal skins over stick framework to make tents while travelling. They fed on the reindeer, fish, and other wild animals that populated the area. The area impacted the natives by causing them to idolize the sea animal god, Sedna, and the god of the moon, Igaluck, because of their dependence on the sea for their materials and the long nights that can last days in the Arctic. A unique fact is that the name Eskimo comes from the Inuit, and can mean "eater of raw meat" or "snowshoe netter".

Subarctic (Sarah) - This region covered most of Canada and eastern Alaska, and the natives could be split into two basic groups - the Algonquians and the Athapascans. A few important tribes were the Innu, Cree, Chipewyan, and Deg Xinag. They impacted their environment by thinking that ill fortune was caused by the unknown world, believing that all animals had nature spirits in them, and (when the Europeans came) trapping animals for fur which cause many species of animals to be almost wiped out completely. In the winter, the natives built plank and sweat houses and houses underground; in the summer, they built houses with no walls and sometimes roofed with spruce bark. They used snowshoes and toboggans to move around during the winter and traveled along rivers in canoes in the summer. The natives did now farm the land since they constantly followed the animals. An interesting fact is that there were 23 tribes that made up the subarctic region.

Northwest Coast- (Ethan & Emma)- The most important tribes of the Northwest Coast were the Hiada, Chinook, Eyak, and Tillamook tribes. These tribes often lived in Plank Houses, which were constructed cedar wood attached to large frames. These groups believed that all natural objects had souls (Animism). They also based their beliefs on Totemism. These people thrived in their environment, which had an abundance of resources, especially water, which they relied on heavily. They had an abundance of salmon and other fish available as well as several species of wildlife. One unique custom held by tribes of the Northwest Coast was Potlatch, which was a large celebratory feast, which was held for major events such as weddings or births.

Plateau- The plateau region between the Rocky Mountains the coastal mountain system was were all Plateau tribes were housed. Important tribes were those of the Flathead, Spokane, and Columbia tribes as the were the back bone from one of the most widely spoken languages of the region, Salish. Bringing trade to the region, making the abundant source of animals a key part of their economy, along side basket making are only a few of the ways they impacted their region. The ways the region impacted has impacted them is, their lush and abundant territories meant the natives had to learn how to hunt and forage, animals and berries becoming a staple in their diets. They also had to spend winters in pit houses connected by tunnels. An interesting fact would be that they believed everything, even inanimate objects have a soul.

Great Basin - (Matt Zizelmann) The Great Basin region had many major tribes, including the Bannock, Goshute, Ute, Paiute, Washoe, and Shoshone tribes. The extremely hot temperatures split up the many Indians in all tribes. The temperatures also killed many of the Indians. However, it gave them opportunities for new technology such as the bow and arrow which helped for hunting situations. The Indians also drove out other non-Indians who had already inhabited the area. The natives also affected the area by hunting and driving out many of the animals who had made homes in the Great basin land.

California (Alana T.) - The Native tribes in the California region were the Chumash and the Pomo. Although the Chumash were mostly nomadic, the people of the Pomo tribe settled into three different areas. These regions were plentiful in food for both tribes, due to the variation of forest, desert, and coastline. Both tribes were very spiritual and even spoke their own languages. In addition, they were very developed people. The Chumash had intricate cave paintings and the Pomo almost accurately charted the stars. These two tribes prospered in the area until the Europeans discovered their settlements.

Southwest (Madison and Alyssa): The major tribes of this rocky, dry, hot, desert region are the Navajo, Apache, and Pueblo. These natives built their village houses out of adobe to keep cool and for protection from the scorching sun. For food, they hunted desert animals like reptiles. They grew crops that were beans, corn, squash, and sunflower seeds. Due to the common droughts from lack of rain, the crops needed 'irrigation': Giving crops a certain amount of water at needed intervals. They would also store some water to drink from. An interesting fact about these tribes is that they spoke up to five languages. These languages being, Siovan, Algonquian, Caddoan, Uto-Aztecan, and Athabaskan.

Aztec (Lee) - The Aztecs covered most of modern day Mexico, they shaped sophisticated societies, they cultivated the land and planted such things as corn beans among other things, they extended the island where their civilization began those are few of the many ways they impacted their area. These are some of the ways the area impacted the natives, saline water was unfit for growing some of the crops so they found new crops to grow, different environments had different farming techniques and food. the surrounding lakes made it easier to travel. An interesting fact is the Aztecs made accurate astronomical observations.

Mayan- (Rene)- Lol, I doubt I need to list the important tribes. The Mayans lived in a swampy area, and so they drained some of the water. They created a canal system to help move the water. They made a flat area to build their many temples and such (and they moved a lot of stones to make their famous calender). They used the water to travel, building reed boats to do so. The Mayans used the reeds to make their homes as well (well, the average persons' little hovel style home). They also used nearby stones (boulders, who knows how large they were once upon a time) to create their famous calender and temples and whatnot. An interesting fact is that they had advanced mathematicians and they used the stars to create the infamous calender.

Southeastern Tribe (Chases- This group of Native Americans inhabited the southeastern parts of what was before the wild plains and coasts of the North American continent- to be more specific, these tribes inhabited Florida, Eastern Tennessee, Northern Georgia, and the western Carolinas. This geography of being along the more coastal, if not a bit swampy, regions gave the tribes of the Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole, and Chickasaw bountiful areas of fertile farming ground, and also doubling as a perfect area of hunting, as summers were warmer and winters were mild. Their homes were based on what resources were available and could either be permanent or temporary if need be. They worshiped the faith of Animism, a religion that claimed all objects from animals and trees carry spirits.

 Inca Explorers info: List your favorite explorer and why he is your favorite. Inca

Explorers info: List your favorite explorer and why he is your favorite.

> > Bartholomeu Dias (Rene)- European mariner Dias sailed in 1488. He rounded the southern tip of Africa, creating a new sea route to Asia from Europe. This was kinda really huge as about thirty years ago, tho ottoman empire sprang up and well, kinda killed the land route to Asia. Dias also inspired Christopher Columbus to seek a royal patron for his big trip.
 * Vasco De Gama - (Matt Zizelmann) Vasco De Gama was my favorite explorer because he opened up many future possibilities. He was the first explorer to reach India by sea, which opened a way for an age of global imperialism. it also opened a way for the Portuguese to establish a long-lasting colonial empire in Asia.
 * Jacques Cartier (nick z)- Jacques Cartier was a French exploxer who was sent to the Americas in 1541 with the goal of finding riches and a new passage way to Asia. Jacques sailed the St.Lawrence River discovering most of Canada and giving claim of Canada to the French
 * Vaseo Nunez Balboa (Alyssa) - The Crown of Castile's maritime explorer and the first European born explorer to travel to the Pacific from the New World in 1519. His expedition founded Panama, which was the first European colony of the Americas. He was inpired by his leader's news of Christopher Columbus.
 * John Cabot(Jack)- John Cabot was my favorite explorer because he was one of the first known explorer to go to America after the Norse. He explored under King Henry VII and explored the costal US
 * Juan Ponce de Leon (Alaina Kate)- Sailing for gold and riches, Spanish noble-born explorer, Ponce de Leon, Discovered Puerto Rico. The natives there spoke to him about an island called Bimini, home to the mythical, Fountain of Youth. Captivated by the riches such a discovery would take him on an endless journey, leading him, not to Bimini, But to Costal Mainland America, To the state we now know to be Florida. Ponce de Leon was the first to explore Florida and name it. For his discovery, he was made military governor and granted the right to colonize the new area.
 * Prince Henry the Navigator (Sarah) - Henry the Navigator is considered as the originator for the Atlantic Slave Trade and the Age of Discovery. He founded the Institute at Sagres whose main goal was to prepare sailors with the skills needed to explore the western coast of Africa to get to Asia. By the time Henry died in 1460, Portuguese sailors and traders had traveled as far as the Sierra Leone and had founded Africa's first colonies and visited regions unknown by Europeans.
 * Amerigo Vespucci (Madison) - Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian explorer and merchant. He discovered many areas in South America, then called the New World, near Brazil. He also proposed the idea that the land was not connected to Asia in any way. Due to his discoveries, the New World was named America after him.
 * Hernando de Soto (Chris) - Hernando de Soto was a Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the first European expedition deep into the territory of the modern-day United States. He is the first European documented as having crossed the Mississippi River.
 * Sir Francis Drake (Alana T.) - Sir Francis Drake was an English voyager. One of his first voyages was led by John Hawkins to the Americas. Unfortunately, a majority of the ships that departed on the trip were destroyed by the Spanish. This was a turning point for Sir Francis Drake; he would become a pirate to avenge the lost members of the fleet. He and Hawkins would be hired by British authorities to attack the Spanish, until both passed away from dysentery.
 * Hernan Cortez(Lottie M.) - Hernan Cortez was a Spanish conquistador who first served as a soldier. Setting his sights higher, Cortez took 500 men and 11 ships to the Aztec capital, Tenochitilan. His first attempt to overthrow the capital was a failure, but he returned two years later and successfully took the city. The remainder of his years were spent attempting to receive some credit for his work.(Source)
 * Francisco Pizarro(Lee W.) - Francisco Pizarro was a Spanish explorer who led the expedition in the South American region he was also the explorer to conquer the Inca Empire located in the area of modern day Chile.
 * Francisco Coronado (Ethan Turrano) Francisco Coronado led a main conquest through Mexico into what would be present day Kansas.
 * Ferdinand Magellan (Emma) Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer who led the Spanish voyageto the East Indies, in search of fortune and fame. His voyage led the way for other explorers to travel around the earth.
 * Henry Hudson (Chase)- Henry Hudson was an English explorer who, while searching for an ice-free passage to Asia, explored the present day Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, and Hudson River in New York. He was abandoned with his son after a mutiny by his own crew.
 * Giovanni da Verrazzano (Wyatt Z.)- Verrazzano was a Italian explorer who served King Francis I. The King sent Verrazzano, in 1520, on an expedition to explore the East Coast of North America. Verrazzano discovered the New York Harbor, Block Island, and Narragansett Bay. He then sailed to Maine and Newfoundland before sailing back to France.
 * Marqette and Joliette (Ashley P.)- In 1672 New France sent an expedition to explor the rivers and lakes. He hoped they woukd discover a northwest passage. Led by a Catholic Missonary Marquette and fur trader Joliet. Jacques Marquette founded missions in Michigan and later joined explorer Joliet on an expedition to discover and map the Mississippi river. Marqette also wanted to spread the word of God around the world among the people he encountered on the way there.